Overheard at lunch a few days ago:
(1) We’re going to Puerto Rico for the holidays; I’ve never been.
My first interpretation of the (elliptical) second clause was as
(2) I’ve never been to Puerto Rico.
with what I’ll call “motion-goal BE” in the pattern:
(3) HAVE been [PP to PLACE ]
where the lexical item BE is a motion verb, roughly glossable as ‘go’, so that (3) conveys ‘HAVE gone to PLACE’. Think of Charlene singing
(4) Ooh I’ve been to Georgia and California, and, anywhere I could run
… I’ve been to paradise, but I’ve never been to me
(I’ll get to Charlene in a while. Meanwhile, you can hear her singing “I’ve Never Been to Me” by going to this YouTube site. Note: opinions about this song are strongly polarized: many people think it’s one of the world’s worst songs, while others think it provides wonderful advice about attending to your feelings. Please: I am not soliciting opinions here.)
Or with past perfect rather than present perfect:
(5) I realized that I’d been to Georgia and not eaten a single peach.
There’s a lot to be said about motion-goal BE, beyond its having BE as a motion verb.
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