From Elizabeth Traugott yesterday, a report on a Santa Clara Chorale Christmas concert, which had two songs that originated in shapenote music, “The Hills Are Bare at Bethlehem” and “Amazing Grace”. But her companion said that “Amazing Grace” came from an African spiritual, and sent on an e-mail message with a video of gospel singer Wintley Phipps at Carnegie Hall, talking about the history of the song, which he said was a white spiritual (with words by John Newton) based on the “slave scale” — the black keys on the piano (that is, the pentatonic scale). Phipps said that the melody “sounds very much like a West African sorrow chant”, and maintained that Newton “set his words to a slave melody”.
The image of the black keys for black people is striking — a nice piece of poetry, but can’t be accurate, since the creators of Negro spirituals didn’t use pianos. The whole story has a kind of poetic truth, but it’s most unlikely as an account of the history of the tune. (more…)